Information About Viruses

VIRUS - Vital Information Resource Under Siege

       The term ``computer virus'' was formally defined by Fred Cohen in 1983, while he performed academic experiments on a Digital Equipment Corporation VAX system. 
The first computer viruses were developed in the early 1980s. The first viruses found in the wild were Apple II viruses, such as Elk Cloner, which was reported in 1981 [Den90]. Viruses have now been found on the following platforms:

• Apple II
• IBM PC
• Macintosh
• Atari
• Amiga

Note that all viruses found in the wild target personal computers. As of today, the overwhelming number of virus strains are IBM PC viruses. However, as of August 1989, the number of PC, Atari ST, Amiga, and Macintosh viruses were almost identical (21, 22, 18, and 12 respectively). Academic studies have shown that viruses are possible for multi-tasking systems, but they have not yet appeared. This point will be discussed later.
Viruses have ``evolved'' over the years due to efforts by their authors to make the code more difficult to detect, disassemble, and eradicate. This evolution has been especially apparent in the IBM PC viruses; since there are more distinct viruses known for the DOS operating system than any other.
The first IBM-PC virus appeared in 1986 [Den90]; this was the Brain virus. Brain was a boot sector virus and remained resident. In 1987, Brain was followed byAlameda (Yale), Cascade, Jerusalem, Lehigh, and Miami (South African Friday the 13th). These viruses expanded the target executables to include COM and EXE files. 
Cascade was encrypted to deter disassembly and detection. Variable encryption appeared in 1989 with the 1260 virus. Stealth viruses, which employ various techniques to avoid detection, also first appeared in 1989, such as Zero Bug, Dark Avenger and Frodo (4096 or 4K). In 1990, self-modifying viruses, such as Whale were introduced. The year 1991 brought the GP1 virus, which is ``network-sensitive'' and attempts to steal Novell NetWare passwords. Since their inception, viruses have become increasingly complex.

Types of Computer Viruses

Boot Sector Virus

      Boot sector viruses became popular because of the use of floppy disks to boot a computer. 

Browser Hijacker

       which can spread itself in numerous ways including voluntary download, effectively hijacks certain browser functions, usually in the form of re-directing the user automatically to particular sites.  

Direct Action Virus

       This type of virus, unlike most, only comes into action when the file containing the virus is executed. The payload is delivered and then the virus essentially becomes dormant – it takes no other action unless an infected file is executed again.

File Infector Virus

      The most common type of virus, the file infector takes root in a host file and then begins its operation when the file is executed. The virus may completely overwrite the file that it infects, or may only replace parts of the file, or may not replace anything but instead re-write the file so that the virus is executed rather than the program the user intended.

Macro Virus

       A wide variety of programs, including productivity applications like Microsoft Excel, provide support for Macros – special actions programmed into the document using a specific macro programming language. Unfortunately, this makes it possible for a virus to be hidden inside a seemingly benign document.

Multipartite Virus

      While some viruses are happy to spread via one method or deliver a single payload, Multipartite viruses want it all. A virus of this type may spread in multiple ways, and it may take different actions on an infected computer depending on variables, such as the operating system installed or the existence of certain files.

Polymorphic Virus

       Another jack-of-all-trades, the Polymorphic virus actually mutates over time or after every execution, changing the code used to deliver its payload. Alternatively, or in addition, a Polymorphic virus may guard itself with an encryption algorithm that automatically alters itself when certain conditions are met.

Resident Virus

       This broad virus definition applies to any virus that inserts itself into a system’s memory. It then may take any number of actions and run independently of the file that was originally infected.

Web Scripting Virus

        Many websites execute complex code in order to provide interesting content. Displaying online video in your browser, for example, requires the execution of a specific code language that provides both the video itself and the player interface.

Common File Types

Font Files

.fnt   Windows Font File
.fon   Generic Font File
.otf    OpenType Font
.ttf    TrueType Font

System Files

.cab   Windows Cabinet File
.cpl    Windows Control Panel Item
.cur    Windows Cursor
.deskthemepack    Windows 8 Desktop Theme Pack File
.dll   Dynamic Link Library
.dmp   Windows Memory Dump
.drv   Device Driver
.icns   Mac OS X Icon Resource File
.ico   Icon File
.lnk  Windows File Shortcut
.sys   Windows System File

Settings Files

.cfg   Configuration File
.ini   Windows Initialization File
.prf   Outlook Profile File

Encoded Files

.hqx  BinHex 4.0 Encoded File
.mim   Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Message File
.uue   Uuencoded File

Compressed Files

.7z   7-Zip Compressed File
.cbr   Comic Book RAR Archive
.deb   Debian Software Package
.gz   Gnu Zipped Archive
.pkg   Mac OS X Installer Package
.rar   WinRAR Compressed Archive
.rpm    Red Hat Package Manager File
.sitx   StuffIt X Archive
.tar.gz   Compressed Tarball File
.zip      Zipped File
.zipx    Extended Zip File

Disk Image Files

.bin   Binary Disc Image
.cue   Cue Sheet File
.dmg   Mac OS X Disk Image
.iso   Disc Image File
.mdf   Media Disc Image File
.toast   Toast Disc Image
.vcd   Virtual CD

Developer Files

.c    C/C++ Source Code File
.class   Java Class File
.cpp    C++ Source Code File
.cs    Visual C# Source Code File
.dtd    Document Type Definition File
.fla    Adobe Flash Animation
.h   C/C++ Header File
.java   Java Source Code File
.lua   Lua Source File
.m   Objective-C Implementation File
.pl   Perl Script
.py   Python Script
.sh   Bash Shell Script
.sln   Visual Studio Solution File
.vcxproj   Visual C++ Project
.xcodeproj   Xcode Project

Backup Files

.bak   Backup File
.tmp   Temporary File

Misc Files

.crdownload   Chrome Partially Downloaded File
.ics    iCalendar File
.msi    Windows Installer Package
.part    Partially Downloaded File
.torrent   BitTorrent File

Top 15 Most Popular Search Engines

1. Google
 900,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

2. Bing
 165,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

3. Yahoo! Search
 160,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors 

4. Ask
 125,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors 

5. Aol Search
33,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

6. MyWebSearch
 19,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

7. Blekko
9,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors 

8. Lycos
 4,300,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors 

9. Dogpile
2,900,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

10. WebCrawler
 2,700,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

11. Info
 2,600,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

12. Infospace
2,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

13. Search
 1,450,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

14. Excite
 1,150,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors 

15. GoodSearch
1,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

TO READ TAMIL IN ANDROID PHONE

TO READ TAMIL SITES/ INFORMATION IN ANDROID PHONE

Install Opera mini.

In the browser address bar, 

type in “opera:config” (without the quotes) and then go. 

This will take you to the opera settings page. Find the option that says “Use bitmap fonts for complex scripts” . 

The default is “no” for this option. 

Change this option to “Yes” and click save. Once this is done. u can read the Tamil fonts in the browser.

Common File Types

Video Files

.3g2   3GPP2 Multimedia File
.3gp   3GPP Multimedia File
.asf    Advanced Systems Format File
.asx   Microsoft ASF Redirector File
.avi    Audio Video Interleave File
.flv    Flash Video File
.mov   Apple QuickTime Movie
.mp4    MPEG-4 Video File
.mpg  MPEG Video File
.rm     Real Media File
.srt     SubRip Subtitle File
.swf   Shockwave Flash Movie
.vob   DVD Video Object File
.wmv   Windows Media Video File

3D Image Files

.3dm  Rhino 3D Model
.3ds   3D Studio Scene
.max   3ds Max Scene File
.obj    Wavefront 3D Object File

Raster Image Files

.bmp   Bitmap Image File
.dds   DirectDraw Surface
.gif   Graphical Interchange Format File
.jpg   JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)Image
.png   Portable Network Graphic
.psd   Adobe Photoshop Document
.pspimage   PaintShop Pro Image
.tga   Targa Graphic
.thm   Thumbnail Image File
.tif    Tagged Image File
.tiff   Tagged Image File Format
.yuv   YUV Encoded Image File

Vector Image Files

.ai   Adobe Illustrator File
.eps    Encapsulated PostScript File
.ps    PostScript File
.svg    Scalable Vector Graphics File

Page Layout Files

.indd   Adobe InDesign Document
.pct   Picture File
.pdf    Portable Document Format File

Spreadsheet Files

.xlr    Works Spreadsheet
.xls    Excel Spreadsheet
.xlsx    Microsoft Excel Open XML Spreadsheet

Database Files

.accdb   Access 2007 Database File
.db    Database File
.dbf    Database File
.mdb     Microsoft Access Database
.pdb    Program Database
.sql    Structured Query Language Data File

Executable Files

.apk   Android Package File
.app   Mac OS X Application
.bat    DOS Batch File
.cgi    Common Gateway Interface Script
.com   DOS Command File
.exe    Windows Executable File
.gadget    Windows Gadget
.jar   Java Archive File
.pif    Program Information File
.vb    VBScript File
.wsf    Windows Script File

Game Files

.dem   Video Game Demo File
.gam    Saved Game File
.nes    Nintendo (NES) ROM File
.rom    N64 Game ROM File
.sav    Saved Game

CAD Files

.dwg    AutoCAD Drawing Database File
.dxf    Drawing Exchange Format File

GIS Files

.gpx    GPS Exchange File
.kml    Keyhole Markup Language File

Web Files

.asp   Active Server Page
.aspx    Active Server Page Extended File
.cer   Internet  Security Certificate
.cfm    ColdFusion Markup File
.csr    Certificate Signing Request File
.css    Cascading Style Sheet
.htm   Hypertext Markup Language File
.html   Hypertext Markup Language File
.js     JavaScript File
.jsp    Java Server Page
.php    PHP Source Code File
.rss     Rich Site Summary
.xhtml     Extensible Hypertext Markup Language File

Plugin Files   

.crx    Chrome Extension
.plugin     Mac OS X Plug-in

Check your hard disk for errors

You can help solve some computer problems and improve the performance of your computer by making sure that your hard disk has no errors.

1.      Open Computer by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Computer.

2.      Right-click the hard disk drive that you want to check, and then click Properties.

3.      Click the Tools tab, and then, under Error-checking, click Check Now.  If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

To automatically repair problems with files and folders that the scan detects, select Automatically fix file system errors. Otherwise, the disk check will simply report problems but not fix them.

To perform a thorough disk check, select Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors. This scan attempts to find and repair physical errors on the hard disk itself, and it can take much longer to complete.

To check for both file errors and physical errors, select both Automatically fix file system errors and Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors.

4.      Click Start.

Depending upon the size of your hard disk, this may take several minutes. For best results, don't use your computer for any other tasks while it's checking for errors.

COMMON FILE TYPES

Text Files

.doc  Microsoft Word Document

.docx  Microsoft Word Open XML Document

.log  Log File

.msg  Outlook Mail Message

.odt  OpenDocument Text Document

.pages  Pages Document

.rtf  Rich Text Format File

.tex  LaTeX Source Document

.txt  Plain Text File

.wpd  WordPerfect Document

.wps  Microsoft Works Word Processor Document

Data Files

.csv  Comma Separated Values File

.dat  Data File

.gbr  Gerber File

.ged  GEDCOM Genealogy Data File

.ibooks  Multi-Touch iBook

.key  Keynote Presentation

.keychain  Mac OS X Keychain File

.pps  PowerPoint Slide Show

.ppt  PowerPoint Presentation

.pptx  PowerPoint Open XML Presentation

.sdf  Standard Data File

.tar  Consolidated Unix File Archive

.tax2012  TurboTax 2012 Tax Return

.vcf  vCard File

.xml  XML File

Audio Files

.aif  Audio Interchange File Format

.iff  Interchange File Format

.m3u  Media Playlist File

.m4a  MPEG-4 Audio File

.mid  MIDI File

.mp3  MP3 Audio File

.mpa  MPEG-2 Audio File

.ra  Real Audio File

.wav  WAVE Audio File

.wma  Windows Media Audio

SERIAL NO / KEY FOR ALL SOFTWARES

 

http://www.serialcodes.net/

PC s/w download sites

FREE PC SOFTWARE downloadable sites

http://www.filehippo.com/

http://www.brothersoft.com/

http://www.softpedia.com/

http://www.soft32.com/

http://www.snapfiles.com/